Journal: Cancer letters

Article Title: The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine targets cancer stem cells in triple negative breast cancer by inducing mitochondrial damage and impairing DNA break repair

doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) There is a significant reduction in the CD44+/CD24−/low CSC population of 3 TNBC cell lines following CQ treatment, in a dose-dependent manner. (B) CQ reduced primary and secondary MSFE in a dose-dependent manner. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. This figure represents the mean difference in CSC population with standard deviation of three technical repeats and the mean difference in MSFE with max and min of six replicates. These effects were confirmed in independently repeated experiments. N.S. indicates not significant. * indicates p<0.05. ** indicates p<0.001. *** indicates p<0.0001).

Article Snippet: 2.1 Materials and Cell cultures Three TNBC cell lines (Hs578t, MDA-MB-231, and SUM159) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Cancer letters

Article Title: The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine targets cancer stem cells in triple negative breast cancer by inducing mitochondrial damage and impairing DNA break repair

doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) EM stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate shows intact mitochondrial structures in an untreated Hs578t TNBC cell. There is visible vacuolization of cristae, indicating structural mitochondrial damage in Hs578t TNBC cell treated with CQ. Arrow indicates mitochondria. (B) CQ treatment led to a dose-dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, as indicated by reduction in JC-1 red fluorescence to JC-1 green fluorescence ratio. (C) Cytochrome c levels in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of HS578t and SUM159 were analyzed by Western blot analysis. β-Tubulin and Tom20 were used as cytoplasm and mitochondria internal control, respectively.

Article Snippet: 2.1 Materials and Cell cultures Three TNBC cell lines (Hs578t, MDA-MB-231, and SUM159) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Membrane, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Control